Our approach
The main goal of treatment is not only to deal with the enlarged spleen but also to establish the cause of the enlargement.
We work closely with hematologists, oncologists, gastroenterologists, and infectious disease specialists to determine the optimal treatment strategy. Splenectomy is performed only when there are clear indications, in line with modern international guidelines.
What is splenomegaly?
Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen beyond its normal size.
The spleen performs important functions:
- it takes part in the body's immune defense
- it filters the blood
- it breaks down old blood cells
- it helps shape the immune response
In many diseases the spleen becomes enlarged, which can be accompanied by complications.
Why does splenomegaly develop?
The most common causes are:
- blood disorders (lymphomas, leukemias, myeloproliferative diseases)
- portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis
- infectious diseases
- autoimmune diseases
- benign and malignant splenic tumors
- splenic cysts
- large hemangiomas
- infiltrative and rare systemic diseases
Symptoms
Many patients have no symptoms.
When the spleen is significantly enlarged, the following may occur:
- pain or heaviness in the left upper abdomen
- feeling full quickly because the stomach is compressed
- discomfort after eating
- weakness
- increased fatigue
- manifestations of the underlying disease
In hypersplenism, platelet, white blood cell, or red blood cell counts may fall.
When to see a doctor
A consultation is recommended if:
- an enlarged spleen has been found
- the cause of splenomegaly requires surgical treatment
- hypersplenism has developed
- there are large benign splenic lesions
- there is a risk of splenic rupture
- the indications for splenectomy need to be determined
How is the diagnosis made?
The following are used to establish the cause of the disease:
- consultation with a surgeon
- consultation with a hematologist (when indicated)
- blood tests
- ultrasound examination
- computed tomography
- magnetic resonance imaging
- additional hematological, infectious, or immunological tests
How is splenomegaly treated?
The treatment strategy depends on the cause of the enlarged spleen.
Options may include:
- treatment of the underlying disease
- follow-up monitoring
- medication
- laparoscopic or open splenectomy when indicated
Surgical treatment
At MSI we perform:
- laparoscopic splenectomy
- open splenectomy for a markedly enlarged spleen
- treatment of benign splenic tumors
- treatment of splenic cysts
- surgery for hypersplenism as part of comprehensive treatment of the underlying disease
Before a planned splenectomy, vaccination in line with international guidelines is mandatory.
Recovery after treatment
After laparoscopic splenectomy, most patients quickly return to their usual activities.
At MSI, ERAS protocols are used to shorten the hospital stay and speed up recovery.
After removal of the spleen, patients receive detailed recommendations on vaccination, infection prevention, and further follow-up.
Why choose MSI
- A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach
- Experience in treating complex spleen conditions
- Modern laparoscopic surgery
- Individual assessment of the indications for splenectomy
- Adherence to international guidelines
- Enhanced recovery protocols (ERAS)
Frequently Asked Questions
No. Splenomegaly is a sign of another condition, so the main task is to establish its cause.
No. In most cases, treatment is aimed at the underlying disease. Splenectomy is performed only when there are clear indications.
Yes. After splenectomy, people can lead a full life, but they need to be vaccinated, follow preventive recommendations, and remain under a doctor's supervision.
Vaccination is given before a planned splenectomy or, if that is not possible, after surgery. It significantly reduces the risk of severe infections after removal of the spleen.
The outlook depends primarily on the underlying disease that caused splenomegaly. If the indications for surgery are determined correctly, splenectomy effectively eliminates the manifestations of hypersplenism, reduces the risk of complications, and improves the patient's quality of life.